The History of Impact Door Development in Florida

Introduction

Florida, known for its beautiful beaches and sunny weather, is also infamous for its hurricanes. The state has faced numerous natural disasters that have shaped its building codes and construction materials, particularly in the realm of impact-resistant doors and windows.

This article traces the history and evolution of impact door development in Florida, illustrating how human ingenuity has responded to the challenges posed by nature.

The Early Years: Pre-Hurricane Development

Before the mid-20th century, Florida’s building practices were relatively basic. Structures were primarily constructed using traditional materials without significant consideration for extreme weather events.

However, Florida’s unique geography made it particularly vulnerable to hurricanes, prompting early discussions surrounding building resilience.

In the early 1900s, hurricanes like the Great Miami Hurricane of 1926 began to raise awareness of the need for better construction practices. The damage left in the wake of these storms laid the groundwork for future regulations and innovations.

Post-World War II Building Boom

The post-war era ushered in a significant population boom in Florida. The influx of residents led to increased demand for housing, which often resulted in rapid construction without stringent adherence to safety codes. The development of the “Florida Room,” characterized by large glass windows and doors to enhance the view and bring in natural light, became increasingly popular.

However, as hurricanes continued to wreak havoc on communities, it became evident that traditional building materials were insufficient. The bending and shattering of glass during storms raised alarm among homeowners and builders alike, prompting a search for more resilient solutions.

Introduction of Impact-Resistant Windows and Doors

In response to the escalating damage from hurricanes, the 1970s marked a pivotal moment in the evolution of impact-resistant doors. Building scientists and engineers began to develop materials that could withstand the rigors of windborne debris—one of the main causes of hurricane damage.

In 1972, hurricane Andrew devastated South Florida, leading to widespread destruction and loss of life. The catastrophe highlighted the need for improved building codes and standards. Florida’s response included the establishment of the Florida Building Code (FBC) in 1979, which incorporated regulations for impact-resistant windows and doors.

Technological Advances in Impact Door Development

The 1980s and 1990s saw remarkable technological advancements in the field of impact door development. Manufacturers began experimenting with laminated glass, which consists of layers of glass held together by a thin interlayer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). This construction provided added strength and resistance to shattering—a direct response to the challenges posed by hurricane winds.

During this time, the use of reinforced frames and heavy-duty hinges became standard. These innovations ensured that impact doors could withstand not only high winds but also debris impact, fundamentally changing the construction landscape in Florida.

The Post-1992 Building Code Evolution

In 1992, Hurricane Andrew struck again, this time with even greater intensity, causing extensive damage to the same areas affected in the 70s. In the aftermath, Florida made drastic revisions to the Florida Building Code, emphasizing the importance of impact-resistant construction materials. The 1994 code required all new construction in high-velocity hurricane zones to utilize impact-resistant doors and windows.

Manufacturers began to offer a wider variety of styles and designs for impact-resistant doors, incorporating fiberglass, steel, and reinforced wood. It was during this time that the aesthetic appeal of these products began to evolve, allowing homeowners to choose attractive designs without sacrificing safety.

The Role of Testing and Certification

A crucial aspect of impact door development has been the establishment of rigorous testing and certification standards. Organizations such as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) developed standardized test procedures to assess the resilience of impact doors against high wind and projectile impacts.

In Florida, products that meet these standards are subjected to the Florida Product Approval system. Manufacturers must provide documentation demonstrating that their products have been tested and meet specific performance criteria. This has fostered a culture of safety and trust among consumers, ensuring that homeowners can rely on their impact doors during hurricanes.

The Present and Future of Impact Door Development

As climate change contributes to the increasing frequency and severity of storms, the development of impact-resistant doors is more important than ever. Technological advancements continue to refine the strength and durability of these doors while incorporating energy-efficient designs.

Innovations like smart glass and advanced locking mechanisms are emerging trends in the impact door industry. These developments focus not only on enhancing safety but also on increasing convenience and energy efficiency for homeowners.

In recent years, the adoption of sustainable practices in manufacturing has also gained traction, emphasizing the use of eco-friendly materials and methods in the production of impact doors. This focus on sustainability reflects a broader shift in the construction industry toward environmentally responsible practices.